{"id":2124,"date":"2021-03-19T13:20:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-19T11:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/?p=2124"},"modified":"2021-09-02T13:16:24","modified_gmt":"2021-09-02T10:16:24","slug":"istorii-farmacognozice-echinacea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/istorii-farmacognozice-echinacea\/","title":{"rendered":"ECHINACEEA-ISTORII FARMACOGNOZICE"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Echinacea face parte din familia Asteraceae. Genul Echinacea are multe specii, dar numai trei dintre ele au proprietati terapeutice anume: Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea pallida \u015fi Echinacea angustifolia.<br \/>\nEchinacea este o plant\u0103 ierbacee care ajunge p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1,5 m \u00een\u0103l\u0163ime (Echinacea purpurea) rezistent\u0103 la condi\u0163ii climatice aspre. \u020anflore\u015fte din iulie p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een august.<br \/>\n Speciile de Echinacea prezint\u0103 asem\u00e3n\u00e3ri de baz\u0103. Toate sunt plante perene care au o tulpin\u0103 puternic\u0103 acoperit\u0103 cu peri\u015fori aspri, ce sus\u0163ine o floare mare ca o margaret\u0103, \u00een nuan\u0163e diferite de purpuriu ro\u015fiatic. Inflorescen\u0163a este aplatizat\u0103 la \u00eenceputul \u00eenfloririi, apoi devine bombat\u0103.<br \/>\nDiferitele specii de Echinacea pot fi deosebite prin forma frunzelor, \u00een\u0103l\u0163imea plantei, culoarea \u015fi m\u0103rimea florii.<br \/>\n\u020antre cele 3 specii exist\u0103 at\u00e2t diferen\u0163e de ordin morfologic, c\u00e2t \u015fi histo-anatomic, dar mai ales biochimic, aceastea din urm\u0103 fiind reflectate \u00een calitatea r\u0103spunsului declan\u015fat la nivelul sistemului imunitar de preparatele fitofarmaceutice ob\u0163inute din specii diferite de Echinacea.<br \/>\nSpeciile genului Echinacea cresc spontan \u00een estul SUA pe sol uscat, nisipos \u015fi \u00een preerie. Cele 3 specii utilizate ca plante medicinale au fost aclimatizate \u015fi introduse \u00een cultur\u0103 \u00een Europa \u015fi \u00een Rusia. La noi \u00een \u0163ar\u0103 nu au fost cunoscute ca plante medicinale \u0219i aromatice p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een anii &#8217;90.<br \/>\n\u020an ceea ce prive\u015fte p\u0103r\u0163ile de plant\u0103 utilizat\u0103, se foloseste fie r\u0103d\u0103cina, herba (tulpin\u0103 cu floare) sau planta \u00eentreag\u0103.<br \/>\nSe folosesc:Echinacea purpurea herba &#8211; const\u00e2nd \u00een partea aeriana proasp\u0103t\u0103 recoltat\u0103 la momentul \u00eenfloririi;Echinacea purpurea radix &#8211; const\u00e2nd \u00een r\u0103d\u0103cini proaspete sau uscate recoltate toamna;Echinacea pallida herba &#8211; const\u00e2nd \u00een partea aeriana proasp\u0103t\u0103 sau uscat\u0103 recoltat\u0103 la momentul \u00eenfloririi;Echinacea pallida radix &#8211; const\u00e2nd \u00een r\u0103d\u0103cini proaspete sau uscate recoltate \u00een timpul \u00eenfloririi;Echinacea angustifolia herba e radix &#8211; const\u00e2nd \u00een planta \u00eentreag\u0103 proasp\u0103t\u0103 sau uscat\u0103 recoltat\u0103 \u00een timpul \u00eenfloririi.<br \/>\n\u00cen farmacognozie se pune accentul pe grupe de substan\u0163e cu ac\u0163iune imunostimulatoare dovedit\u0103: deriva\u0163i ai acidului cafeic, alcamide, polizaharide \u015fi glicoproteine.<br \/>\nAceste componente nu se reg\u00e3sesc \u00een toate cele 3 specii  de Echinacea (Echinacea pallida \u015fi Echinacea angustifolia herba nu con\u0163in polizaharide \u015fi glicoproteine, iar r\u0103d\u0103cina nu con\u0163ine glicoproteine), componentele nu se extrag apoi \u00een propor\u0163ii egale \u00een toate formele extractive (concentra\u0163ia cea mai mare de deriva\u0163i ai acidului cafeic \u015fi polizaharide se ob\u0163ine \u00een sucul presat de Echinacea purpurea) \u015fi, \u00een parte, sunt instabile (in special acidul cichorienic).<br \/>\nClasele de substan\u0163e active sunt con\u0163inute de Echinacea purpurea herba \u015fi Echinacea purpurea radix, cea din urm\u0103 con\u0163ine \u015fi alcalozii pirolizidinici.<br \/>\nStimularea imunit\u0103\u0163ii se realizeaz\u0103 prin mecanisme diferite:deriva\u0163ii acidului cafeic stimuleaz\u0103 fagocitoza \u00een testul granulocitelor &#8220;in vitro&#8221; \u015fi &#8220;in vivo&#8221;;alcamidele  stimuleaz\u0103 fagocitoza \u00een testul granulocitelor &#8220;in vitro&#8221; \u015fi &#8220;in vivo&#8221;,\u0219i sunt par\u0163ial \u015fi inhibitori ai ciclooxigenazei \u015fi au \u015fi activitate antiinflamatoare;glicoproteinele stimuleaz\u0103 limfocitele B \u015fi macrofagele;polizaharidele  au ac\u0163iune stimulatoare asupra fagocitozei.<br \/>\nS-a observant ac\u0163iunea  antiedematoas\u0103 a unui amestec de polizaharide din Echinacea angustifolia radix,antiinflamatoare &#8211; datorit\u0103 alchilamidelor \u015fi acidului cafeic \u2013 care inhib\u0103 produc\u0163ia mediatorilor proinflamatori;antioxidant\u0103 prin reducerea metaboliz\u0103rii acidului arahidonic \u015fi al producerii de prostaglandine (Echinacea purpurea);imunostimulant\u0103 oferit\u0103 de polizaharide \u015fi glicozidele acidului cicoric, prin inhibi\u0163ia producerii de mediatori pro-inflamatori si inhibarea ac\u0163iunii prostaglandinelor;cicatrizant\u0103 prin inhibarea hialuronidazei de c\u0103tre deriva\u0163ii acidului cafeic, ajut\u00e2nd la refacerea tisular\u0103;antifungic\u0103 &#8211; cu activitate pe Candida albicans \u015fi Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Echinacea purpurea &#8211; extracte din r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 \u015fi parte aerian\u0103);antibacterian\u0103 \u015fi antiviral\u0103;este activ\u0103 pe virusul herpetic \u015fi virusul inflenza (Echinacea purpurea).<br \/>\nEchinacea este disponibil\u0103 pe pia\u0163\u0103 sub diferite forme farmaceutice.<br \/>\nEchinacea este cea mai folosit\u0103 plant\u0103 pentru stimularea imunit\u0103\u0163ii, dar, practic nu stimuleaz\u0103 imunitatea, ci o moduleaz\u0103, o echilibreaz\u0103 fiind imunomodulatoare.<br \/>\nDatorit\u0103 unui compus, numit echinacozid\u0103 (un acid cafeic, \u00eenzestrat \u015fi el cu propriet\u0103\u0163i antivirale, dar \u015fi antibacteriene), cercet\u0103torii includ Echinacea printre antibiotice (ce e drept, cu efecte mai pu\u0163in intense, dar deloc nocive).<br \/>\nPreparatele pe baz\u0103 de Echinacea testate difer\u0103 mult \u00eentre ele. Este indicat s\u0103 alegem cu grij\u0103 \u015fi \u00een cuno\u015ftin\u0163\u0103 de cauz\u0103 produsul pe care \u00eel vom consuma.<br \/>\nMajoritatea cercet\u0103rilor au fost orientate spre demonstrarea eficien\u0163ei Echinaceei \u00een afec\u0163iuni virale (r\u0103ceal\u0103, grip\u0103, guturai, faringite, amigdalite, afec\u0163iuni virale bron\u015fice.) Cu c\u00e2t se administreaz\u0103 Echinacea mai precoce, \u00eenc\u0103 de la primele semne de boal\u0103, cu at\u00e2t severitatea simptomelor este mai redus\u0103 \u015fi la fel \u015fi perioada de evolu\u0163ie a bolii.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/flower-3867760_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1551\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2126\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/flower-3867760_1920.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/flower-3867760_1920-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/flower-3867760_1920-1024x827.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/flower-3867760_1920-768x620.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/flower-3867760_1920-1536x1241.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/flower-3867760_1920-74x60.jpg 74w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/echinacea-1508338_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/echinacea-1508338_1920.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/echinacea-1508338_1920-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/echinacea-1508338_1920-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/echinacea-1508338_1920-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/echinacea-1508338_1920-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/echinacea-1508338_1920-90x60.jpg 90w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><br \/>\n\u201cPropag\u00e2nd al iubirii ecou, natura ofer\u0103 din nou \u015fi din nou un necesar cadou umanit\u0103\u0163ii: Echinacea, floarea minunat\u0103, roz a imunit\u0103\u0163ii.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Michelle Rosenberg<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Echinacea face parte din familia Asteraceae. Genul Echinacea are multe specii, dar numai trei dintre ele au proprietati terapeutice anume: Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea pallida \u015fi Echinacea angustifolia. Echinacea este o &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2125,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6,26],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2124"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2124"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2124\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2601,"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2124\/revisions\/2601"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}