{"id":2010,"date":"2021-02-07T11:24:48","date_gmt":"2021-02-07T09:24:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/?p=2010"},"modified":"2021-02-07T11:24:48","modified_gmt":"2021-02-07T09:24:48","slug":"povestea-marului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/povestea-marului\/","title":{"rendered":"POVESTEA  M\u00c3RULUI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u0103rul (Malus domestica), este o specie de plante din familia Rosaceae, cultivat\u00e3 pentru rodul s\u0103u, apreciat\u00e3 ca hran\u0103. Aceast\u0103 specie cuprinde \u00eentre 44 \u0219i 55 de soiuri, care se prezint\u0103 ca pomi sau arbu\u0219ti. Variet\u0103\u021bile de m\u0103r cresc \u00een zona temperat\u0103 nordic\u0103 din Europa, Asia \u0219i America de Nord, printre acestea exist\u00e2nd un num\u0103r mare de hibrizi.<br \/>\nCea mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 form\u0103 a m\u0103rului este m\u0103rul de cultur\u0103.<br \/>\nDomesticit acum mai bine de 15.000 de ani, originea sa pare s\u0103 fie Caucazul \u0219i \u021b\u0103rmurile M\u0103rii Caspice. A fost introdus \u00een Europa de c\u0103tre romani \u0219i ast\u0103zi exist\u0103 aproximativ 1000 de soiuri \/ soiuri, ca urmare a nenum\u0103ratelor hibridiz\u0103ri \u00eentre formele s\u0103lbatice. Este o surs\u0103 excelent\u0103 de vitamine.<br \/>\nEste un copac de dimensiuni medii (4 m \u00een\u0103l\u021bime), cu coroana deschis\u0103 rotunjit\u0103 \u0219i numeroase ramuri care se dezvolt\u0103 aproape orizontal.  Frunzele, stipulate \u0219i pe\u021biolate scurte, sunt ovale, acuminate sau obtuze, cu baza \u00een form\u0103 de pan\u0103 sau rotunjit\u0103, \u00een general zim\u021bat\u0103, dar ocazional sub\u00eentreg\u0103, de culoare verde puternic\u0103 \u0219i pubescen\u021b\u0103 pe partea inferioar\u0103. C\u00e2nd sunt stoarse, degaj\u0103 o arom\u0103 pl\u0103cut\u0103.<br \/>\nInflorescen\u021ba este un v\u00e2rf umbeliform sau corimbiform cu 4-8 flori hermafrodite cu ovar inferior, cel central fiind primul care se formeaz\u0103 \u00eentr-o pozi\u021bie terminal\u0103,fiind cel mai dezvoltat \u0219i competitiv fiind denumit \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit \u201efloare de regin\u0103\u201d \u0219i care produce fructe de cea mai mare calitate.<br \/>\nM\u0103rul \u00eenflore\u0219te prim\u0103vara \u00eenainte de apari\u021bia anual\u0103 a frunzelor sale.<br \/>\nMarul se coace de obicei toamna. M\u0103rul s\u0103lbatic se distinge printr-o culoare verde g\u0103lbuie  \u0219i un gust acru.<br \/>\nPovestea mitologic\u00e3 a m\u00e3rului este interesant\u00e3.<br \/>\n\u00cen mitologia greac\u0103, eroul grec Heracles, ca parte a celor Doisprezece Munci, a fost for\u021bat s\u0103 c\u0103l\u0103toreasc\u0103 la Gr\u0103dina Hesperidelor \u0219i s\u0103 adune merele de aur din pomul vie\u021bii care se afla \u00een centrul ei.<br \/>\nZei\u021ba greac\u0103 a discordiei, Eris, a r\u0103mas nefericit\u0103 dup\u0103 ce a fost exclus\u0103 de la nunta lui Peleus \u0219i Thetis. Ca r\u0103zbunare, a aruncat un m\u0103r de aur cu inscrip\u021bia \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 (Kalliste, uneori transliterat Kallisti, \u201ePentru cei mai frumo\u0219i\u201d), la s\u0103rb\u0103toarea nun\u021bii. Trei zei\u021be au revendicat m\u0103rul: Hera, Atena \u0219i Afrodita. M\u0103rul a fost d\u0103ruit Afroditei \u00een urma judec\u0103\u021bii unui muritor, Paris din Troia, care \u00ee\u015fi atrage ura celorlalte dou\u0103 zei\u0163e. Afrodita a f\u0103cut-o pe Elena din Sparta s\u0103 se \u00eendr\u0103gosteasc\u0103 de Paris \u015fi s\u0103 fug\u0103 cu el \u00een Troia. Acesta a fost motivul izbucnirii r\u0103zboiului troian.<br \/>\nDe aici a r\u0103mas expresia M\u0103rul discordiei, care se aplic\u0103 oric\u0103rei surse de disput\u0103.<br \/>\nChiar dac\u0103 este un aliment, calit\u0103\u021bile sale terapeutice sunt cunoscute \u00eenc\u0103 din timpuri str\u0103vechi. Plinius cel B\u0103tr\u00e2n \u00eel recomanda \u00een bolile de stomac, iar ceva mai t\u00e2rziu, c\u0103lug\u0103ri\u021ba Hildegard von Bingen recomanda m\u0103rul contra migrenelor, a durerilor de ficat \u0219i de splin\u0103.<br \/>\nM\u0103rul are ac\u021biune tonic\u0103, diuretic\u0103, uricolitic\u0103, depurativ\u0103, antiseptic\u0103, intestinal\u0103, laxativ\u0103. Poate fi folosit pentru ameliorarea  asteniei, a surmenajului, \u00een convalescen\u021b\u0103,  anemie, reumatism, gut\u0103, litiaz\u0103 uric\u0103, hepatit\u0103, colibaciloz\u0103, st\u0103ri febrile, ulcer gastric, gastrite, insomnie, diabet.<br \/>\nPartea comestibil\u0103 a m\u0103rului este receptaculul (o prelungire a codi\u021bei), iar fructul \u00een sine este ceea ce se nume\u0219te \u00een termeni populari \u201ecotor\u201d, parte care \u00een cele mai multe cazuri nu este comestibil\u0103.<br \/>\nCojile de mere con\u021bin acid ursolic, care, pe baza experimentelor pe \u0219obolani, cre\u0219te masa mu\u0219chilor scheletici \u0219i a \u021besutul adipos brun, de asemenea scade gr\u0103simea de culoare alb\u0103, reduce obezitate, intoleran\u021ba la glucoz\u0103 \u0219i steatoza hepatic\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>M\u0103rul crud ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca o past\u0103 de din\u021bi excelent\u0103 din dou\u0103 motive; pe de o parte, ajut\u0103 la cur\u0103\u021barea din\u021bilor; pe de alt\u0103 parte, modul \u00een care este ingerat permite eliberarea  alimentelor r\u0103mase \u00een gingii.<br \/>\nDecoctul de mere este utilizat ca \u015fi calmant u\u0219or \u00een insomnii u\u0219oare<br \/>\nCidrul exercit\u0103 un efect diuretic discret, deci este recomandat ca tratament complementar pentru edem (\u00een acele cazuri \u00een care alcoolul nu este contraindicat).<br \/>\nFructul con\u021bine 80% ap\u0103, 15% carbohidra\u021bi \u0219i un con\u021binut sc\u0103zut de 5% proteine. Este bogat \u00een pectin\u0103, vitamine, acid malic, acid tartric \u0219i acid galic, precum \u0219i sodiu, potasiu, magneziu \u0219i fier.<br \/>\nExist\u00e3 o lista a sinonimelor: Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.;Malus communis Poir.;Malus domestica Borkh.;Malus malus (L.) Britton;Pyrus malus L.;Pyrus pumila (Mill.) K. Koch;Malus sylvestris auct. non (L.) Mill.;Malus praecox (Pall.) Borkh.;Pyrus malus var. paradisiaca L.;Malus pumila var. niedzwetzkyana (Dieck) C.K. Schneid.;Malus sylvestris var. praecox (Pall.) Ponomar.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/apple-tree-694201_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2012\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/apple-tree-694201_1920.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/apple-tree-694201_1920-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/apple-tree-694201_1920-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/apple-tree-694201_1920-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/apple-tree-694201_1920-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/apple-tree-694201_1920-80x60.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/culture-of-apple-450291_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2013\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/culture-of-apple-450291_1920.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/culture-of-apple-450291_1920-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/culture-of-apple-450291_1920-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/culture-of-apple-450291_1920-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/culture-of-apple-450291_1920-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/culture-of-apple-450291_1920-90x60.jpg 90w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><br \/>\n\u201cRegele fructelor este m\u0103rul.\u201d<br \/>\n                              Dr.Virginia Faur<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u0103rul (Malus domestica), este o specie de plante din familia Rosaceae, cultivat\u00e3 pentru rodul s\u0103u, apreciat\u00e3 ca hran\u0103. Aceast\u0103 specie cuprinde \u00eentre 44 \u0219i 55 de soiuri, care se prezint\u0103 &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2011,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6,26],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2010"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2010"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2010\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2014,"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2010\/revisions\/2014"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2011"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2010"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2010"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ancadanielaraiciu.ro\/w\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}